What is Apple Volume Purchase Program (VPP)?

Before it was replaced with Apple Business Manager, the Apple Volume Purchase Program (VPP) was a tool that businesses could use to buy, distribute, and manage apps and books in bulk. Once linked with an Apple mobile device management (MDM) solution, businesses could use VPP’s managed distribution feature to assign and revoke app permissions and keep track of which apps and books were assigned to certain users.

Apple removed VPP on December 1, 2019, and replaced it with Apple Business Manager. That means businesses can still buy content in bulk and leverage managed distribution, but they have to use Apple Business Manager.